Two days after the Salyut-1 took off, Soyuz 10 was also launched, carrying a crew of three cosmonauts to the space station with the plan to stay in space for 30 days, but upon reaching the station, the cosmonauts could not dock with Salyut 1 due to problems with its hatch. The total scientific equipment weighed 1.3 tons and included experiments to study human adaptation to long-duration spaceflight, various telescopes for solar and astronomical observations, and instruments to observe the Earth. It had dining and recreation areas, food and water storage, a toilet, control stations, exercise equipment, and scientific equipment. The space station measured 20 meters in length and weighed over 20 tons, providing 3,500 cubic feet of habitable volume. Illustration of the Salyut space station with a Soyuz crew transport spacecraft approaching at upper left. It would also help in avoiding any confusion during communications sessions with the Soviet Flight Control Center that used Zarya as its radio call sign.įinally, on April 19, 1971, the Salyut 1 was lifted off using a three-stage UR-500K that successfully delivered the world’s first space station into orbit. While initially designated as Zarya, it was renamed Salyut during a pre-flight readiness review ten days before the launch to avoid conflict with China, which was developing a spacecraft with the same name. The final module was ready by February 1971, when it arrived at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for final testing and outfitting before the launch. The work on the space station began in February 1970 at the facility, now known as RKK Energia in Kaliningrad, present-day Korolev, outside of Moscow. #HISTORY OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION INSTALL#The idea was to take the Almaz’s spaceframe, install Soyuz systems such as orbital maneuvering engines and solar arrays onto it, and create a new docking tunnel with a hatch to reach the interior. However, after losing the Moon race, it was decided that the Almaz spaceframe would be repurposed for a civilian space station weighing 18 tons that could be launched using a Proton Universal Rocket-500K (UR-500K). Almaz was supposed to be a 20-ton module regularly visited by crews of two to three cosmonauts traveling on ‘Soyuz’ crew transport spacecraft. In 1966, the Soviet Union began working on a secret military space station program called ‘Almaz’ with the first launch planned in the early 1970s. This ended the ‘Moon Race,’ prompting the Soviet Union to hunt for a bigger prize and decided to build the world’s first civilian Earth orbital space station. However, the US interrupted this winning spree of the Soviet Space program by putting humans on the moon for the first time with its Apollo 11 mission on July 20, 1969, only seventeen days after the Soviet Union’s second N1 lunar launch vehicle blew up. The cold war was at its peak with the Soviet Union led the Space Race initially by placing the world’s first satellite in orbit in 1957, crashing the first object on the moon in 1959, sending the first human into space in 1961, and accomplishing the first successful unmanned landing on the moon in 1966. Russian Orbital Service Station – All You Want To Know About Russia’s Next Space Station (ROSS) As Moscow Exits ISS History was made in 1971 after the Soviet Union placed the world’s first space station, Salyut, in orbit, laying the foundation for present-day space stations like the International Space Station (ISS) and China’s Tiangong.
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